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Quantum Numbers Explained Quantum Numbers in Atomic Physics Quantum numbers describe the unique quantum state of an electron in an atom. They are derived from solutions to the Schrödinger equation and define atomic orbitals and electron properties. The Four Quantum Numbers Quantum Number Symbol Possible Values Physical Meaning Principal n 1, 2, 3, ... Energy level/shell (size of orbital) Azimuthal (Angular Momentum) l 0 to n -1 Subshell shape (s, p, d, f) Magnetic m l - l to + l Orbital orientation in space Sp...